Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with HIV is associated with lower BMI and more liver fibrosis compared to the uninfected population

Selected Abstract – Spring Meeting 2024

Felice Cinque
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy, and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC, Canada
Rosa Lombardi
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Jaqueline Currà
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Floriana Santomenna
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Dana Kablawi
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC, Canada
Annalisa Cespiati
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Luca Marchesi
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Erika Fatta
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Cristina Bertelli
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Giovanna Oberti
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Giuseppina Pisano
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Thierry Fotsing Tadjo
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC, Canada
Wesal Elgretli
Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
Bertrand Lebouché
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC, Canada
Marc Deschenes
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC, Canada
Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
Giada Sebastiani
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC, Canada, and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada

Abstract

Aim: People with HIV (PWH) are at high risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), defined by the presence of hepatic steatosis plus any among overweight, diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. There are limited data whether MASLD in PWH differs in clinical presentation from MASLD in the uninfected population. Aim: to compare the severity of metabolic and hepatic dysfunction between MASLD patients with and without HIV.
Methods: 212 consecutive HIV mono-infected patients with MASLD at McGill University in Montreal were compared to a sex and age matched MASLD HIV negative control group at Policlinico Hospital in Milan. Fibroscan with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to define MASLD (CAP≥248 dB/m), severe MASLD (CAP>280 dB/m), and significant liver fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement>7.0 kPa).
Results: PWH with MASLD presented lower median BMI (28[25-31] vs 29[27-32] Kg/m2, p=0.002) and lower prevalence of obesity (26% vs 44%, p<0.001) compared to MASLD uninfected patients, along with a lower prevalence of hypertension (21% vs 38%, p<0.001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia (41% vs 26%, p<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (26% vs 9%, p<0.001) and low HDL cholesterol (34% vs 15%, p<0.001) was higher in MASLD patients with vs without HIV. No difference in cardiovascular events and diabetes prevalence was observed between the two groups. Regarding liver disease, PWH with MASLD had lower prevalence of severe MASLD (54% vs 74% p<0.001) but higher prevalence of significant liver fibrosis (15 vs 7%, p=0.03) compared to MASLD uninfected patients. After adjustment, HIV positivity was an independent factor associated with significant liver fibrosis (figure).
Conclusions: Despite having lower BMI, PWH with MASLD have a more severe hepatic presentation and atherogenic lipid profile than MASLD uninfected patients. HIV positivity seems to be independently associated with significant liver fibrosis. Screening and follow-up for MASLD and liver fibrosis is recommended in PWH, even if they are lean.

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